Writing checks utilizing XCTVapor
In my earlier article I confirmed you methods to construct a kind protected RESTful API utilizing Vapor. This time we will prolong that venture a bit and write some checks utilizing the Vapor testing software to find the underlying points within the API layer. First we will use XCTVapor library, then we migrate to a light-weight declarative testing framework (Spec) constructed on high of that.
Earlier than we begin testing our utility, we have now to guarantee that if the app runs in testing mode we register an inMemory database as an alternative of our native SQLite file. We are able to merely alter the configuration and test the setting and set the db driver primarily based on it.
import Vapor
import Fluent
import FluentSQLiteDriver
public func configure(_ app: Utility) throws {
if app.setting == .testing {
app.databases.use(.sqlite(.reminiscence), as: .sqlite, isDefault: true)
}
else {
app.databases.use(.sqlite(.file("Sources/db.sqlite")), as: .sqlite)
}
app.migrations.add(TodoMigration())
attempt app.autoMigrate().wait()
attempt TodoRouter().boot(routes: app.routes)
}
Now we’re able to create our very first unit take a look at utilizing the XCTVapor testing framework. The official docs are brief, however fairly helpful to be taught concerning the fundamentals of testing Vapor endpoints. Sadly it will not inform you a lot about testing web sites or advanced API calls. ✅
We’ll make a easy take a look at that checks the return kind for our Todo checklist endpoint.
@testable import App
import TodoApi
import Fluent
import XCTVapor
remaining class AppTests: XCTestCase {
func testTodoList() throws {
let app = Utility(.testing)
defer { app.shutdown() }
attempt configure(app)
attempt app.take a look at(.GET, "/todos/", afterResponse: { res in
XCTAssertEqual(res.standing, .okay)
XCTAssertEqual(res.headers.contentType, .json)
_ = attempt res.content material.decode(Web page<TodoListObject>.self)
})
}
}
<swift>
<p>As you possibly can see first we setup & configure our utility, then we ship a GET request to the /todos/ endpoint. After we have now a response we are able to test the standing code, the content material kind and we are able to attempt to decode the response physique as a sound paginated todo checklist merchandise object.</p>
<p>This take a look at case was fairly easy, now let's write a brand new unit take a look at for the todo merchandise creation.</p>
<swift>
@testable import App
import TodoApi
import Fluent
import XCTVapor
remaining class AppTests: XCTestCase {
func testCreateTodo() throws {
let app = Utility(.testing)
defer { app.shutdown() }
attempt configure(app)
let title = "Write a todo tutorial"
attempt app.take a look at(.POST, "/todos/", beforeRequest: { req in
let enter = TodoCreateObject(title: title)
attempt req.content material.encode(enter)
}, afterResponse: { res in
XCTAssertEqual(res.standing, .created)
let todo = attempt res.content material.decode(TodoGetObject.self)
XCTAssertEqual(todo.title, title)
XCTAssertEqual(todo.accomplished, false)
XCTAssertEqual(todo.order, nil)
})
}
}
This time we might prefer to submit a brand new TodoCreateObject as a POST information, luckily XCTVapor can assist us with the beforeRequest
block. We are able to merely encode the enter object as a content material, then within the response handler we are able to test the HTTP standing code (it needs to be created) decode the anticipated response object (TodoGetObject) and validate the sector values.
I additionally up to date the TodoCreateObject, because it doesn’t make an excessive amount of sense to have an elective Bool subject and we are able to use a default nil worth for the customized order. 🤓
public struct TodoCreateObject: Codable {
public let title: String
public let accomplished: Bool
public let order: Int?
public init(title: String, accomplished: Bool = false, order: Int? = nil) {
self.title = title
self.accomplished = accomplished
self.order = order
}
}
The take a look at will nonetheless fail, as a result of we’re returning an .okay
standing as an alternative of a .created
worth. We are able to simply repair this within the create technique of the TodoController Swift file.
import Vapor
import Fluent
import TodoApi
struct TodoController {
func create(req: Request) throws -> EventLoopFuture<Response> {
let enter = attempt req.content material.decode(TodoCreateObject.self)
let todo = TodoModel()
todo.create(enter)
return todo
.create(on: req.db)
.map { todo.mapGet() }
.encodeResponse(standing: .created, for: req)
}
}
Now we must always attempt to create an invalid todo merchandise and see what occurs…
func testCreateInvalidTodo() throws {
let app = Utility(.testing)
defer { app.shutdown() }
attempt configure(app)
let title = ""
attempt app.take a look at(.POST, "/todos/", beforeRequest: { req in
let enter = TodoCreateObject(title: title)
attempt req.content material.encode(enter)
}, afterResponse: { res in
XCTAssertEqual(res.standing, .created)
let todo = attempt res.content material.decode(TodoGetObject.self)
XCTAssertEqual(todo.title, title)
XCTAssertEqual(todo.accomplished, false)
XCTAssertEqual(todo.order, nil)
})
}
Properly, that is dangerous, we should not be capable of create a todo merchandise with no title. We might use the built-in validation API to test person enter, however truthfully talking that is not the most effective strategy.
My challenge with validation is that to begin with you possibly can’t return customized error messages and the opposite principal motive is that validation in Vapor isn’t async by default. Finally you will face a scenario when you have to validate an object primarily based on a db name, then you possibly can’t match that a part of the item validation course of into different non-async subject validation. IMHO, this needs to be unified. 🥲
Fort the sake of simplicity we will begin with a customized validation technique, this time with none async logic concerned, afterward I will present you methods to construct a generic validation & error reporting mechanism to your JSON-based RESTful API.
import Vapor
import TodoApi
extension TodoModel {
func create(_ enter: TodoCreateObject) {
title = enter.title
accomplished = enter.accomplished
order = enter.order
}
static func validateCreate(_ enter: TodoCreateObject) throws {
guard !enter.title.isEmpty else {
throw Abort(.badRequest, motive: "Title is required")
}
}
}
Within the create controller we are able to merely name the throwing validateCreate operate, if one thing goes unsuitable the Abort error will probably be returned as a response. Additionally it is potential to make use of an async technique (return with an EventLoopFuture
) then await (flatMap
) the decision and return our newly created todo if every part was positive.
func create(req: Request) throws -> EventLoopFuture<Response> {
let enter = attempt req.content material.decode(TodoCreateObject.self)
attempt TodoModel.validateCreate(enter)
let todo = TodoModel()
todo.create(enter)
return todo
.create(on: req.db)
.map { todo.mapGet() }
.encodeResponse(standing: .created, for: req)
}
The very last thing that we have now to do is to replace our take a look at case and test for an error response.
struct ErrorResponse: Content material {
let error: Bool
let motive: String
}
func testCreateInvalidTodo() throws {
let app = Utility(.testing)
defer { app.shutdown() }
attempt configure(app)
attempt app.take a look at(.POST, "/todos/", beforeRequest: { req in
let enter = TodoCreateObject(title: "")
attempt req.content material.encode(enter)
}, afterResponse: { res in
XCTAssertEqual(res.standing, .badRequest)
let error = attempt res.content material.decode(ErrorResponse.self)
XCTAssertEqual(error.motive, "Title is required")
})
}
Writing checks is an effective way to debug our server aspect Swift code and double test our API endpoints. My solely challenge with this strategy is that the code is not an excessive amount of self-explaining.
Declarative unit checks utilizing Spec
XCTVapor and all the take a look at framework works simply nice, however I had a small downside with it. When you ever labored with JavaScript or TypeScript you may need heard concerning the SuperTest library. This little npm package deal offers us a declarative syntactical sugar for testing HTTP requests, which I appreciated means an excessive amount of to return to common XCTVapor-based take a look at circumstances.
That is the explanation why I’ve created the Spec “micro-framework”, which is actually one file with with an additional skinny layer round Vapor’s unit testing framework to offer a declarative API. Let me present you the way this works in apply, utilizing a real-world instance. 🙃
import PackageDescription
let package deal = Package deal(
identify: "myProject",
platforms: [
.macOS(.v10_15)
],
merchandise: [
.library(name: "TodoApi", targets: ["TodoApi"]),
],
dependencies: [
.package(url: "https://github.com/vapor/vapor", from: "4.44.0"),
.package(url: "https://github.com/vapor/fluent", from: "4.0.0"),
.package(url: "https://github.com/vapor/fluent-sqlite-driver", from: "4.0.0"),
.package(url: "https://github.com/binarybirds/spec", from: "1.0.0"),
],
targets: [
.target(name: "TodoApi"),
.target(
name: "App",
dependencies: [
.product(name: "Fluent", package: "fluent"),
.product(name: "FluentSQLiteDriver", package: "fluent-sqlite-driver"),
.product(name: "Vapor", package: "vapor"),
.target(name: "TodoApi")
],
swiftSettings: [
.unsafeFlags(["-cross-module-optimization"], .when(configuration: .launch))
]
),
.goal(identify: "Run", dependencies: [.target(name: "App")]),
.testTarget(identify: "AppTests", dependencies: [
.target(name: "App"),
.product(name: "XCTVapor", package: "vapor"),
.product(name: "Spec", package: "spec"),
])
]
)
We had some expectations for the earlier calls, proper? How ought to we take a look at the replace todo endpoint? Properly, we are able to create a brand new merchandise, then replace it and test if the outcomes are legitimate.
import Spec
func testUpdateTodo() throws {
let app = Utility(.testing)
defer { app.shutdown() }
attempt configure(app)
var existingTodo: TodoGetObject?
attempt app
.describe("A sound todo object ought to exists after creation")
.put up("/todos/")
.physique(TodoCreateObject(title: "pattern"))
.anticipate(.created)
.anticipate(.json)
.anticipate(TodoGetObject.self) { existingTodo = $0 }
.take a look at()
XCTAssertNotNil(existingTodo)
let updatedTitle = "Merchandise is completed"
attempt app
.describe("Todo needs to be up to date")
.put("/todos/" + existingTodo!.id.uuidString)
.physique(TodoUpdateObject(title: updatedTitle, accomplished: true, order: 2))
.anticipate(.okay)
.anticipate(.json)
.anticipate(TodoGetObject.self) { todo in
XCTAssertEqual(todo.title, updatedTitle)
XCTAssertTrue(todo.accomplished)
XCTAssertEqual(todo.order, 2)
}
.take a look at()
}
The very first a part of the code expects that we have been in a position to create a todo object, it’s the very same create expectation as we used to jot down with the assistance of the XCTVapor framework.
IMHO the general code high quality is means higher than it was within the earlier instance. We described the take a look at situation then we set our expectations and at last we run our take a look at. With this format it’ll be extra simple to know take a look at circumstances. When you evaluate the 2 variations the create case the second is trivial to know, however within the first one you truly need to take a deeper have a look at every line to know what is going on on.
Okay, yet one more take a look at earlier than we cease, let me present you methods to describe the delete endpoint. We’ll refactor our code a bit, since there are some duplications already.
@testable import App
import TodoApi
import Fluent
import Spec
remaining class AppTests: XCTestCase {
non-public struct ErrorResponse: Content material {
let error: Bool
let motive: String
}
@discardableResult
non-public func createTodo(app: Utility, enter: TodoCreateObject) throws -> TodoGetObject {
var existingTodo: TodoGetObject?
attempt app
.describe("A sound todo object ought to exists after creation")
.put up("/todos/")
.physique(enter)
.anticipate(.created)
.anticipate(.json)
.anticipate(TodoGetObject.self) { existingTodo = $0 }
.take a look at()
XCTAssertNotNil(existingTodo)
return existingTodo!
}
func testTodoList() throws {
let app = Utility(.testing)
defer { app.shutdown() }
attempt configure(app)
attempt app
.describe("A sound todo checklist web page needs to be returned.")
.get("/todos/")
.anticipate(.okay)
.anticipate(.json)
.anticipate(Web page<TodoListObject>.self)
.take a look at()
}
func testCreateTodo() throws {
let app = Utility(.testing)
defer { app.shutdown() }
attempt configure(app)
attempt createTodo(app: app, enter: TodoCreateObject(title: "Write a todo tutorial"))
}
func testCreateInvalidTodo() throws {
let app = Utility(.testing)
defer { app.shutdown() }
attempt configure(app)
attempt app
.describe("An invalid title response needs to be returned")
.put up("/todos/")
.physique(TodoCreateObject(title: ""))
.anticipate(.badRequest)
.anticipate(.json)
.anticipate(ErrorResponse.self) { error in
XCTAssertEqual(error.motive, "Title is required")
}
.take a look at()
}
func testUpdateTodo() throws {
let app = Utility(.testing)
defer { app.shutdown() }
attempt configure(app)
let todo: TodoGetObject? = attempt createTodo(app: app, enter: TodoCreateObject(title: "Write a todo tutorial"))
let updatedTitle = "Merchandise is completed"
attempt app
.describe("Todo needs to be up to date")
.put("/todos/" + todo!.id.uuidString)
.anticipate(.okay)
.anticipate(.json)
.physique(TodoUpdateObject(title: updatedTitle, accomplished: true, order: 2))
.anticipate(TodoGetObject.self) { todo in
XCTAssertEqual(todo.title, updatedTitle)
XCTAssertTrue(todo.accomplished)
XCTAssertEqual(todo.order, 2)
}
.take a look at()
}
func testDeleteTodo() throws {
let app = Utility(.testing)
defer { app.shutdown() }
attempt configure(app)
let todo: TodoGetObject? = attempt createTodo(app: app, enter: TodoCreateObject(title: "Write a todo tutorial"))
attempt app
.describe("Todo needs to be up to date")
.delete("/todos/" + todo!.id.uuidString)
.anticipate(.okay)
.take a look at()
}
}
That is how one can create a whole unit take a look at situation for a REST API endpoint utilizing the Spec library. After all there are a dozen different points that we might repair, comparable to higher enter object validation, unit take a look at for the patch endpoint, higher checks for edge circumstances. Properly, subsequent time. 😅
By utilizing Spec you possibly can construct your expectations by describing the use case, then you possibly can place your expectations on the described “specification” run the connected validators. The great factor about this declarative strategy is the clear self-explaining format you could perceive with out taking an excessive amount of time on investigating the underlying Swift / Vapor code.
I imagine that Spec is a enjoyable litte software that lets you write higher checks to your Swift backend apps. It has a really light-weight footprint, and the API is easy and simple to make use of. 💪